Cult of Masculinity in “In the Country of Men”

In the book â€Å"In the Country of Men†, Hisham Matar, the writer talks about his youth involvement with the 1970's during the upheaval in Libya. When men overwhelmed and totally ruled ladies. The title itself depicts Libya as a nation that has a place with men where ladies are utilized like apparatuses. We see that Suleiman needs to turn into a man as quickly as time permits through the story however then again, the story additionally discusses a female being Suleiman’s mother †Najwa who thinks she lost her opportunity when she was only 14 and needed to get hitched. In any case, after all the improvement from the 1970’s till today, the present age considers the two people similarly fueled. Directly from the beginning, it tends to be anticipated that Suleiman needs to take care of business. At the point when baba goes on the purported â€Å"business trip†, Suleiman is the main male in the house making him the man of the house. It is only the way how baba says it each time he leaves †â€Å"Take care of your mom, you are the man of the house now† (61). Suleiman handles these duties well overall. He deals with his mom as he probably is aware very well that she is sick each time baba isn't home and needs to assume control over a men's duty of dealing with his mom. He even discussions about him ready to take obligations like his dad and be much the same as him, a man. Later in the story, we likewise observe the religion of manliness encourage through Suleiman when he and the other neighborhood kids were at Adnan’s house to see him embeddings an infusion in himself because of his disease. â€Å"I additionally appealed to God for an ailment that would give me what Adnan had† (126). Suleiman imagines that Adnan’s sickness causes him to appear to be more seasoned and increasingly free like a man. Therefore Suleiman needs to have Adnan’s ailment with the goal that he also could resemble a man. â€Å"I couldn’t hold on to be a man† (148). Suleiman’s words demonstrate how he needs to turn into a man and wouldn't like to fall into kid’s class. Notwithstanding, on the opposite side, there are still signs given all through the story that demonstrate how Suleiman has neglected to take care of business. For instance, during the visit of the RCC (Revolutionary Committee Men) to Baba’s house to discover Baba and any proof against him. â€Å"I was wet underneath my garments and acknowledged what I had done. The pee felt warm and cold and clingy to my skin† (64). At the point when the RCC man had gotten some information about his dad, Suleiman gets frightened and pees himself not having the option to control him. Despite the fact that he was the â€Å"man of the house† this episode demonstrates him as a child who can't control himself. Another model was when Najwa educates Suleiman regarding how Faraj, who she had a place with, and the various men out there needed to cut his wife’s cloak and drain her to demonstrate his better half as a virgin. â€Å"I didn’t recognize what Mama implied, however expected that when the opportunity arrived I probably won't have the stuff to ‘puncture’ a women† (13). Suleiman fears he probably won't have the option to carry out the responsibility that each man is to do to demonstrate his better half a virgin. Despite the fact that there are a few duties of a man that Suleiman has satisfied, he despite everything questions in the event that he will have the option to be a genuine man simply like his dad was. Najwa, Suleiman's mother, as she like to state, lost her opportunity when she was only 14 years of age. She had been compelled to wed a totally unusual man who was 9 years more established than her despite the fact that she needed to finish her training first. She being the young lady was not permitted to dismiss the marriage or even contend to safeguard herself. The High Council chose my fate† (144). At the point when she says â€Å"High Council† it implied all the guys in the house †her dad and every one of her siblings. Here we see that ladies had no decisions yet to obey what the guys or supposed â€Å"High Council† said. Additionally the main motivation behind why the family to wed Najwa as fast as conceivable is on the grounds that one of her sibling had seen her with another person same age as her at the Italian Coffee shop thus they needed to dispose of her before somebody can spread bits of gossip about them and ruin their notoriety. In a family like Najwa's, individuals thought progressively about the family's notoriety at that point ever thinking about a lady. She recalled her grandma state to her â€Å"If a slave came to propose, a slave as dark as this night, I would offer you to him†(144). This very demonstrated young ladies/ladies didn't reserve any option to support themselves. They were only there to keep their men upbeat and follow their requests. After the â€Å"Black day† †day she got compelled to wed baba, her life has not changed without question. She is just there to keep baba upbeat since he is the man of the house. At the point when baba is away she is sick. She begins drinking liquor as a side effect of despondency because of the opportunity she has lost. What's more, when baba returns, she spruces up great to satisfy her man. â€Å"During those evenings, when Baba was home, Mama hauled her sweeping behind her to the sofa† (85). She doesn't care to rest in the bed with Bu Suleiman despite the fact that he is her better half. Nonetheless on the off chance that the man requests something, at that point she was unable to dismiss him. She is essentially similar to a captive of the man in the house. For instance, the conjugal bed scene depicts what she needs to accomplish for her man. â€Å"I saw him on her†¦. she lay underneath him, unmoving, looking away†(86). Additionally, the main job of ladies found in the book is â€Å"A ladies must be youthful and sufficiently able to hold up under kids and work well for the man into his old age† (151). This unquestionably demonstrates how ladies didn't reserve the options to communicate them self, were dealt with like slaves and their solitary job was to comply with their man. In this way, it could be inferred that the Cult of Masculinity hugy affects Suleiman and Mama. Guys are constantly viewed as the more significant position expert in a family. It changes the way how Suleiman thinks and how Um Suleiman †Najwa misfortunes her privileges to carry on with her life the manner in which she needs to. In any case, it despite everything concerns me why ladies were dealt with so inconsistent contrasted with today. Today the ladies don't simply need to deal with their family however can likewise work in a profession they need to, while being dealt with similarly as men.

Happiness Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Bliss - Research Paper Example Also, the cutting edge world fills our heads loaded with various interruptions, a significant number of which guarantee bliss must be accomplished after one has achieved this material great or that status throughout everyday life. In America, for instance, individuals discover that satisfaction is the thing that happens when we have at last figured out how to guarantee responsibility for extravagance vehicle, a fine house and a staggering closet to flaunt the huge body we’ve kept up, maybe with the assistance of a fitness coach or talented plastic specialist. â€Å"To satisfy their fantasies, Americans guarantee they need a yearly salary of $102,000† (Myers, 2000). As indicated by Bolt (2004) and others, right around seventy five percent of school first year recruits feel being ‘very wealthy financially’ to be a ‘very important’ or ‘essential’ objective throughout everyday life (Bolt, 2004: 124). Different investigations appear to show that our idea of satisfaction keeps on changing through life, with the goal that what may have fulfilled us in the past will probably lose its capacity to satisfy us later on (Diener and Diener, 2009). In spite of the fact that meanings of satisfaction and how to achieve it might move after some time, look into appears to interface picking up joy unequivocally with the idea of clinging to a firmly recognized feeling of good conduct. Inside this conversation, comprehend that the idea of good conduct as it is considered by savants doesn't only establish a decision among good and bad conduct. The term â€Å"morality† is characterized as a â€Å"moral quality or character; rightness or unsoundness, starting at an action† (Neufeldt and Goralnik, 1994: 882) and it is firmly connected with the term â€Å"ethics† which is â€Å"the investigation of guidelines of lead and good judgment.† Even this quite a bit of a clarification is muddled, however, as terms, for example, â€Å"standards of conduct,† â€Å"moral judgment† and â€Å"moral character† presently can't seem to be characterized on a solid level. These terms are conceivably characterized diversely relying on

The Link Between Early Drinking Age and Alcoholism Risk

The Link Between Early Drinking Age and Alcoholism Risk Addiction Alcohol Use Print The Link Between Early Drinking Age and Risk of Alcoholism By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Updated on October 02, 2019 Westend61 / Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Young people who start drinking before age 15 are significantly more likely to develop alcohol use disorders as adults than those who wait until after age 18, but researchers are not sure if early-onset drinking is a marker for higher risk or a direct risk factor. Researchers at the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) examined data from a three-year study of 22,316 drinkers who are now 18 years or older. They looked at the associations between the first incidence of alcohol dependence or abuse and three age-of-first-drink groupsâ€"younger than 15, between 15 and 17, and 18 years or older. Drinking Before Age 15 Increases the Risk of Alcoholism The scientists were careful to control for other risk factors for developing drinking problems, such as family history, duration of exposure to alcohol and other childhood risk factors. The key finding of the NIAAA research was that people who started drinking before age 15 were 50% more likely to become alcohol dependent as adults. The same was true to a lesser extent for those who started drinking between ages 15 and 17. Impaired Executive Cognitive Function Past studies have often suggested that this association might result from common risk factors predisposing people to both early drinking and alcohol use disorders. Although the current study does not provide conclusive evidence that early drinking directly increases alcohol use disorder risk, it suggests that it is premature to rule out the possibility of such a direct effect. said Deborah A. Dawson, staff scientist at the NIAAA, in a news release. The NIAAA researchers believe that impaired executive cognitive function leads young people to make choices that lean toward the immediate pleasure associated with heavy drinking rather than choices to avoid the long-term risks of alcohol use disorders. But the question they have not answered is whether the impaired executive cognitive function leads to heavy early-onset drinking, or the early heavy drinking causes the impaired executive cognitive function. Alcoholism Prevention Should Target Younger Children Regardless, the NIAAA researchers conclude that prevention programs and public health policies should be targeted at children under age 15 and underage drinking, in general, to try to delay the onset of drinking alcohol as long as possible. The data support the notion of delaying the onset of drinking behavior as late as possible as an important principle for the prevention of alcohol use disorders later in life, said NIAAA researcher Howard B. Moss. More specifically, these findings provide the scientific basis for those prevention programs that focus on decreasing underage drinking, as well as supporting those public-health policies that are geared towards the prevention of underage drinking. Study Identifies Top Risk Factors for Teen Substance Abuse

Information And Data Of Analytics - 1750 Words

Competing on analytics is currently one of the most essential qualities for companies looking to gain a larger market share in their given industry. This is due to the fact that the easiest way for corporations to differentiate themselves from their direct competitors is to maximize efficiency through cohesive processes and decision making. Analytics is defined as, â€Å"The extensive use of data, statistical and quantitative analysis, explanatory and predictive models, and fact based management to drive decisions and actions.† (Davenport, 2007, p.7) So in order for companies to compete on analytics they need to be willing to invest in the proper technologies that are able to compile all of this information and data into output that can be used†¦show more content†¦Over the past summer I worked as an entry-level analyst for the company and my duties included collecting and reporting sales data to the regional managers using excel spreadsheets. CXC has been in business for over 20 years and they provide contingent workforce solutions in over sixty countries worldwide. The CXC website states, â€Å"We helps thousands of organizations and individual contractors decrease costs and increase profits by providing innovative contractor management, compliance, payroll and remuneration solutions, risk mitigation, salary packaging. Today, CXC Global continues to lead the way with the development of new technologies and initiatives enabling both corporations and individual consultants to adapt in today’s high performance work environment.† (CXC Global Website) These technologies allow CXC to provide customers with services that no other company in their industry can provide, while also charging a very competitive price. So what exactly does competing on analytics mean for a company like CXC? The text defines an analytical competitor as, â€Å"An organization that uses analytics extensively and systematically to outthink and outexecute the co mpetition.† (Davenport, 2007, p.23) This statement somewhat defines CXC as they use some analytics to gain an advantage over the other companies that the directly compete with. However, most of the analytics that CXC had been using when I began working

Types Of Type II Diabetes - 1308 Words

Type II Diabetes Numerous individuals in today’s society are unaware that they might be living with an unknown disease. One of the most serious diseases and most common illness amongst people, and in most cases usually gets misconstrued in our country is, type II diabetes. Statistics show in 2012, 29.1 million Americans, or 9.3% of the population, had diabetes (American Diabetes Association, 2011). Then again, it is due to countless individuals being noninsulin-dependent and it starts with adult onset diabetes. It begins as insulin resistance, a disorder, which the body cannot use the insulin properly (Lerner Lerner, 2008). Hence, what is type II diabetes? Type II diabetes is a chronic condition that affects the way your body†¦show more content†¦Thus, with the characteristics listed above leads to how type II diabetes affects the body. Each cell in the body needs energy to function. The body s essential energy source is glucose, sugar that comes from the absorp tion of sustenance containing carbohydrates. Glucose is what cells need for energy (Fundukian, 2009). What is insulin? Insulin is a hormone delivered by cells secreted in the pancreas, and discharged into the circulatory system. In spite of this, glucose is put away in the liver and muscle as glycogen and prevents the body from utilizing fat as a source of energy. However, when insulin production or resistance can make the pancreas discharge an excessive amount of glucose. At first, the pancreas delivers enough insulin to conquer these issues. However throughout the span of time the pancreas no more makes enough insulin or discharges it too gradually (American Diabetes Association, 2011). At this point when insufficient insulin is created resulting in insulin resistance, glucose stays in the blood as opposed to entering the cells. This outcome causes high blood glucose levels, which is called hyperglycemia. For the body to function normally, the level of glucose in the blood must remain stable. Consequently, when the blood glucose levels get too high the body

Schools Like Any Other Organizations Education Essay Free Essays

Schools, like any other organisations, are aggregations of interconnected human and non- human resources working together to accomplish a common end within structured relationships. But they differ from any other industrial, commercial, governmental or military organisation as it require a alone manners of leading, ways of thought and an attack to disposal. This is because the mission of schools is non to increase net incomes but to raising and develop people to go to the full functional persons foster the acquisition, personal growing and development of all participants, the staff and the pupils. We will write a custom essay sample on Schools Like Any Other Organizations Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Literature reappraisal Organizational Behaviors and saying the relevancy in today ‘s context A school is a universe in which people live, grow and work. Like any other societal organisation, the universe of school has power, construction, logic and values. The behaviour of people at work in a school, separately every bit good as group is non simply a contemplation of their single alone personalities but is strongly molded and molded by the societal norms and outlooks of the civilization that prevail in the organisation. Therefore the person and societal influence creates alone organisational behaviour of people in the school organisation. A school is an extraordinary powerful environment which form and mold behaviour of the people through its civilization and clime. This web of interactions between people and the organisation and its deductions for leading is determining the behaviour of people at work in educational organisations. The ends of any educational organisation are academic accomplishment, effectual work wonts, civic values, societal behaviour, self esteem and self trust. In order to accomplish the ends of schooling, the outlooks that instructors have for the accomplishments of pupils, the relationships between pupils and instructors, the motive of pupils, clip spent on instruction and acquisition and the equal relationships affairs. Besides how schools are managed, how pupils are grouped, how parents and the community are involved, how work is assigned and the determinations made in school. The widespread credence as the preferable manner for exerting control and coordination in schools is the bureaucratic mechanism. The present twenty-four hours acceleration in the development of engineering, political relations, economic sciences and society has by and large left stiff bureaucratisms staggering and unresponsive. To boom in today ‘s quickly changing universe, schools must nimble, adaptative to alter and invariably germinating ( Peter Senge – a learning organisation ) . They are non merely adaptable to new challenges emerging in the universe but are besides adaptable to the worldwide rise in outlooks for increased democracy, personal freedom, single regard and self-respect and chances for self- fulfilment. Administrators who tactically or explicitly embrace the non bureaucratism affect a good trade of persuading. The instructors who are underlying behavior form of theory X or Y who are in the non bureaucratic environment Theory Ten Theory Yttrium Needed to be belonged, liked and respected. Want to experience utile to the school and tend to corporate volitionally and to follow with school, section and unit ends if the above demands are fulfilled. In add-on to the demands of theory X, desire to lend efficaciously and creatively to the achievement of worthwhile aims. Majority are capable of exerting far more inaugural, duty and creativeness than their present work fortunes allow. Administrators ‘ basic undertaking is to do each instructor believe that they are utile and of import portion of the squad. They should be willing to explicate determinations and discuss instructors ‘ expostulations. Besides to affect instructors in planning and determination devising. Teachers should be encouraged to exert self way and ego control Administrator works to bring out the originative resources of the instructors. Teachers participate in determination devising and develop. Information is shared and instructors involve in determination devising. This helps to increase the demand of belongingness and single acknowledgment. It will increase the morale and cut down opposition to formal authorization. Administrators and instructors make usage of the full scope of experience, penetration and originative ability to better the public presentation in school. Accomplishment of aims will increase the self-control and self way. Schools in the island were officially introduced during the colonial epoch. Education is largely delivered through a spiritual background, either through temples or the church. The priests followed the regulations defined through the faith to set single behaviour. Many described such schools as oppressive. But traditionally such schools emphasized powerful societal norms and outlooks that support and wages such behaviour. The norms of such schools discourage behaviour that inquiries the established the order and proposes alterations. With the educational reform in 1947, schools in the state were managed under one organic structure known as Education section of Sri Lanka and new theories and constructs of instruction being introduced to the school web. In order to understand the acquisition abilities and features of kids and grownups in the educational environment, behavioural psychological science applied theories of development. B.K Skinners ‘ methodological analysis of behaviourism had hence embraced by instructors and they used the programmed instructions, scripted instruction, diagnostic-prescriptive instruction and behavior alteration in learning. Educationists decide on ends ( marks ) , all right supports to bring forth those responses ( lesson programs ) , a plan that will bring forth the coveted behaviours ( category room activity ) and eventually mensurate the support methods ( tests, all schoolroom, term and public ) and alter them carefully ( twelvemonth terminal reappraisal and preparation Sessi onss ) . These methods are non developed to â€Å" develop the head † but to set up the very behaviours which are to be taken to be grounds of acquisition. The pupils learn in such an environment retained the cognition and accomplishments they learn in school and so applied in state of affairss in existent life. Therefore unlike in the colonial instruction system, there were 1000s of people adding into the work force every twenty-four hours. They retained a ample sum of the cognition for many old ages and mastered that cognition. For the last decennary or so Sri Lankan authorities instruction system, including the universities were based on behaviourism and as a consequence, there are 1000s of unemployed school departers and alumnuss who are unable to suit into the current competitory market. As a consequence Educationists considered the cognitive psychological behaviour ( Chomsky ) had adopted the method of learning which will authorise the critical thought and originative thought ( with 2009 course of study alterations ) . This is besides the construct of left- encephalon and right-brain orientation of thought. Cognitive psychological science has a batch of impact on the pattern of learning and larning in the schoolroom. The results are emphasized and the solutions are being motivated to be reached by the pupils in assortment of ways. The schoolrooms are now larning environments which promote survey accomplishments, societal accomplishments, job resolution and organisational accomplishments along with the capable affair command. The instructors create motivated schoolroom environments harmonizing to Weiner and the expression for self- regard, when pupils show internal/ability property, supplying challenges to larn and developing them to keep self – regard when fa ilures occur. When they show internal/effort property to hold high outlooks for success as they will remain motivated in malice of impermanent reverses. There are assortments of specific actions that the instructors are in the ways and agencies of ways to increase motive in schoolroom undertakings. The intrinsic motive to be practiced through explicating or demoing why larning a peculiar content or accomplishment is of import, create and maintain wonder, supply a assortment of activities and centripetal stimulations, provide games and simulations, set ends for acquisition, associate larning to student demands and assist pupil develop program of action and the extrinsic motive through supplying clear outlooks, giving disciplinary feedback and providing wagess. The outlooks of a instructor in such an environment demands the instructors to alter radically with the technological alterations the passage of inactive acquisition content to electronic integrative tools. The instructor ‘s function remained mostly as a facilitator at the same clip to be a co-learner in technological cognition and accomplishments. The current demand from a instructor is to hold are, hypertext transfer protocol: //thejournal.com/articles/2008/06/30/the-future-of-instruction-teacher-as-colearner.aspx # Learning and creativeness – instructors use capable affair expertness to ease and animate creativeness in pupils, including ingeniousness, job resolution and reflecting through the usage of digital tools collaborative tools and co-learning experiences. # Assessment – Use appraisals for ratings so that the pupils set their ain ends for acquisition, engage in individualized acquisition and are evaluated based on multiple, varied formative and summational appraisals aligned with content and engineering criterions. # Digital age skills – instructors exhibit eloquence in digital tools, engage on a regular basis in engineering – based coaction and usage information resources to back up research and acquisition. # Digital citizenship: Teachers promote â€Å" safe, legal, and ethical usage of digital information and engineering, † promote etiquette, and work to further a planetary position in pupils # Professional development: Educators adopt a theoretical account of womb-to-tomb acquisition and exhibit professional leading through engagement in larning communities, rating of research into the latest digital tools for instruction, parts to the â€Å" effectivity, verve, and self-renewal of the instruction profession, † and presentation of leading in instruction engineering. The ministry of Education with NSB and selected providers took enterprises to supply Personal computers for instructors at a sensible monetary value through Teacher PC Drive plan and to supply developing through reputed private institutes such as IDM Computer Studies and Gateway in 2006. The ‘Innovative Teachers National Competition 2008 ‘ conducted by the Ministry of Education ‘s Secondary Education Modernization Project ( SEMP ) II and Microsoft Sri Lanka assessed the advancement of this plan. In â€Å" The Skills for life † launched in 2009, provides specialised plans for instructors in Sri Lankan instruction system plays a critical function in this scenario. Programs such as ICDL, CTP straight on ICT making and LTCC, IPICT as an instruction tool for non ICT instructors. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.skillsforlife.lk/index.php? option=com_content A ; view=article A ; id=9 A ; Itemid=16 Photo caption: Kithsiri Abeysinghe – Nikawewa Dewanampiyatissa Central College, Chithrangani Karunasekera – Katuwana National School, Premawathie Henayalage- Project Manager, Department of Education North Central Province, Ranjith Tharukaratne – Sujatha Balika Maha Vidyalaya hypertext transfer protocol: //www.digit.lk/09_sept_slteachers The instruction leader inevitableness faces a calling in which new resilient responses are invariably required to run into the challenges that will ineluctably and unremittingly originate in the hereafter. These challenges are likely to happen in rhythms as they have for over a century. The jobs that seem overvelming to us now will in clip recede into the background as new an seemingly more demanding challenges emerge in the hereafter. In position of this dogged patterned advance, educational leaders non merely necessitate to develop responses to the urgencies of the minute but besides to develop a set of values, beliefs and principals to steer them in developing effectual schemes and actions in the unsure hereafter. Take together these values, beliefs and principals cast and determine the educational leaders vision of what the school ought to be like the way in which it should be traveling, and the terminal province for which it should be like, the way in which it should be travelin g and the terminal province which it should be endeavoring. A nucleus component in such vision How to cite Schools Like Any Other Organizations Education Essay, Essay examples

Judicial Activism Essay free essay sample

Founding Fathers did not put extraneous phrases in the Constitution, each must have some mean-inning. The question is, should it be the courts job to flesh out the In 1 803, in Mammary v. Madison, Chief Justice John Marshall meaning? Stated that it is emphatically the province and duty of the Judicial Department to say what the law is. With this statement, Chief Justice Marshall staked a broad claim of authority for the judicial branch, to define the meaning of the Constitution, and to explain its limits. For the last two endured years, the Court has been doing exactly that. Certain phrases in the Constitution are so broad as to have no plain meaning. Even when attempting to clarify the meaning of some terms, the Court itself is vague. For instance, in explaining the meaning of the Due Process Clause, the Court has held it provides whatever process is due. This is not an incredibly helpful standard. We will write a custom essay sample on Judicial Activism Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page And so the Court has tried to clarify, on a case-by-case basis, what process is due. We also need activism to help cover all aspects of listed rights. For instance, ask someone what speech is, and they will likely tell you it s the act of vacationing, talking. But the Freedom of Speech protected by the First Amendment has been expanded to include the right to wear whatever clothing you wish, the right to fund the political candidates of your choice it has, in other words, morphed into a broader freedom to express yourself as you see fit. Some of the rights recognized by an activist court are not so controversial, For instance, the Supreme Court has held that there is a right to travel between the states. While this may seem like a given, citizens of the former Soviet Union did not enjoy that right. They needed special papers to ravel between the various republics that made up the U. S. S. R. The right to travel, however, is nowhere mentioned in the Constitution. It is not among the first eight amendments to the Bill of Rights, nor is it protected anywhere else. Without an activist court, this right might not exist.The written rights of the Constitution are not only rights the Founding Fathers intended to protect. Who is to define these unreel narrated rights, if not the courts? However, judicial activism is a fairly recent phenomenon. Literature on it did not start appear-inning until the 1 9605. This means that the country got along just fine for TTS first 1 70 years without resorting to unchecked judicial power. The Constitution has not changed much since the founding and many of the confusing phrases have been in the Constitution since 1 791. Yet things went along just fine. While the Constitution was not perfect, it has evolved. There have been twenty-seven amendments to the Constitution since the document was ratified, and seventeen of them have been added after the Bill of Rights. The biggest problem with judicial activism is that it is entirely unprincipled. There are no limits to judicial activism. It is essentially a license for a judge to lace his or her own views in the Constitution. The implications of this are far reaching. If the Constitutions meaning is malleable, then two things occur.First, it indicates that the Constitution changes based on who sits on the Supreme Court. This leads to heavy partisan bickering on those rare occasions when a seat opens up. The country divides, often bitterly, over who would sit in that seat; and rightfully so. Justices are appointed for life, and frequently serve over 1 5 years. This means their view of the law will be imposed for quite awhile. It also means that law loses stability every time a ewe justice is appointed, as we wait to see which of their personal vibe; will find their way into the text. The second implication is a lack of respect for the law. When the public sees that the mean- inning of the law relies not on what the text of the Constitutions says, but rather on the personal views or opinions of the men and women sitting on the highest court, they lose respect for it. Why is the view of these nine people more correct or important than the views of the 535 men and women in Congress? Why is it more important than your view, or the view of the common person of the street? This loss of respect or the rule can have far reaching implications, both at home and abroad.Here at home, it leads to a breakdown of civil order. Militia groups, like the Minutemen or the Montana Freeman, take the laws into their own hands, because they see government as failing. They view the attempts of judges in Washington to control their lives as government over-reaching of the worst sort and respond by stockpiling weapons and having face offs with the F-BI. Judicial activism is a hard cookie t o crack. On one hand, there is just too much to interpret, the other hand is strict and straight-forward. Either way, someone will decide what we live by.

Learn the Types of Chemical Formulas

Learn the Types of Chemical Formulas A chemical formula is an expression that states the number and type of atoms present in a molecule of a substance. The type of atom is given using element symbols. The number of atoms is indicated by a subscript following the element symbol. Chemical Formula Examples There are six C atoms and 14 H atoms in a hexane molecule, which has a molecular formula of: C6H14 The chemical formula of table salt or sodium chloride is: NaCl There are one sodium atom and one chlorine atom in each molecule. Note there is no subscript for the number 1. Types of Chemical Formulas While any expression that cites the number and kind of atoms is a chemical formula, there are different types of formulas, including molecular, empirical, structure, and condensed chemical formulas. Molecular Formula Also known as the true formula, the molecular formula states the actual number of atoms of the elements in a single molecule. For example, the molecular formula of the sugar glucose is: C6H12O6 Empirical Formula The empirical formula is the simplest ratio of the whole number of elements in a compound. It gets its name because it comes from experimental or empirical data. Its sort of like simplifying mathematical fractions. Sometimes the molecular and empirical formula are the same, such as H2O, while other times the formulas are different. For example, the empirical formula of glucose is: CH2O This is obtained by dividing all of the subscripts by the common value (6, in this case). Structural Formula Although the molecular formula tells you how many atoms of each element are present in a compound, it does not indicate the way the atoms are arranged or bonded to each other. A structural formula shows the chemical bonds. This is important information because two molecules may have shared the same number and type of atoms yet are isomers of each other. For example, ethanol (grain alcohol people can drink) and dimethyl ether (a toxic compound) share the same molecular and empirical formulas. There are different types of structural formulas, too. Some indicate the two-dimensional structure, while others describe the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms. Condensed Formula One particular variation of an empirical or structural formula is the condensed formula. This type of chemical formula is a sort of shorthand notation. The condensed structural formula may omit the symbols for carbon and hydrogen in the structure, simply indicating the chemical bonds and formulas of functional groups. The written condensed formula lists the atoms in the order in which they appear in the molecular structure. For example, the molecular formula of hexane is: C6H14 However, its condensed formula is: CH3(CH2)4CH3 ï » ¿This formula not only provides the number and type of atoms but also indicates their position in the structure.

Ways to Reduce Fluoride Exposure

Ways to Reduce Fluoride Exposure If youre looking to reduce your intake of fluorine and fluoride (one is the element, one is the ion, both are toxic), it may help you to know what everyday products contain them and what steps you can take to limit your exposure: Dont drink unfiltered public water. Assume its fluoridated unless you know otherwise. Most home water filters will not remove fluoride.Dont take fluoride supplements.Try to limit drinking soda because its generally made with fluoridated water. Reconstituted fruit juice, beer, and wine also tend to be made with fluoridated water. Read labels on bottled beverages and look for water purifed using reverse osmosis or distillation. If those processes are not specifically named, assume the water is fluoridated.Read the label on bottled water. Again, look for water purified using reverse osmosis or distillation.Consider using unfluoridated toothpaste.Avoid drinking black or red tea. Black and red tea come from two different types of plants, but both leaves naturally contain high amounts of fluorine. If you drink tea, brew it yourself, using unfluoridated water.Choose organic fruits and vegetables since the US National Organic Program does not permit the use of the pesticides that leave high fluoride residues. Expect tinned fish and canned food items to contain fluoride.Avoid or limit your consumption of mechanically deboned chicken in any form, including chicken nuggets, canned chicken, and baby food. Traces of fluoride (from bones) remain from the deboning process.Fluoride may be used as a preservative in many products.Sometimes you will be able to see this on the product label.Avoid black or red rock salt or items containing black or red rock salt.Avoid using chewing tobacco.Avoid long term use of medications that contain fluorine.If you use a fluoridated toothpaste, rinse your mouth with water after brushing your teeth.If you need anesthesia, ask your doctor about options using drugs that do not contain fluorine.Avoid overheating teflon pans while cooking, as some of the teflon (a fluorine compound) may be released into the air.

Logic and critical thinking class Research Paper

Logic and critical thinking class - Research Paper Example This paper, therefore, discusses children as victims or media victimize offenders in a crime. As a result, it discusses the manner in which media conduct interviews and news coverage, whether they stick to legal requirements, and access the manner in which children are victimized in the reporting processes. Victimization of Children Currently, media is seen as a source of all social problems in the world. Media not only provides access to but also constructs social problems in view of their multiple effects on people. It has been blamed by wide group of people including critics and theorists for promoting crimes against humanity such as violence, sexism, racism, homophobia, and other oppressive phenomena. Media has caused social harm by negatively influencing children and youth, pornography, degradation of women, and promotion of excessive materialism (Tandon, 2007). There is rising concern over issues to do with media interviewing victims at the wrong time, recording and airing clip s of bodies, revealing the negative sides only, revealing identity of juveniles, and inappropriate digging into the past of victims. The media coverage on crime gives rise to increased responses from community, which include vigilance, sorrow, revenge, and caution. A critical exploration of social media coverage of crime victims is crucial in the development of crime policy and popular imagination. Not all victims of a crime receive equal treatment in the social media news. In most cases, intense media coverage is devoted to victims with a questionable past are regarded as ‘ideal’. The ideal victims refer to a person or individuals who receive a legitimate status of being a victim upon being hit by a crisis (Tandon, 2007). This category of victims includes defenseless, innocent, vulnerable, and worthy of sympathy victims. Elderly women and children categorically fit into this group. On the contrary, young men, homeless people, drug addicts, and others marginalized in th e society may find it difficult to attain the status of legitimate victims (Nielson, 2003). In addition, media may misrepresent, under-represent, or over-represent victims of crime. Since children and adolescents are seen as future leaders, any engagement in deviant practices is viewed as declination of the society into moral chaos. The concentration on children means that deviant behaviours lead to more victimization than would have been involved if adults were involved. Under the law, children are not deviant from birth. Their behaviour is influenced by socio-economic factors and psychological problems. The law therefore, protects children and provides them with facilities for rehabilitation. The Rights of the Child in the UN Convention states that one is regarded a child until he or she reaches the age of 18. Consequently, the juvenile Act of 2000 also mentions that 18 years is the age of children. Therefore, it is illegal to publish or air any information regarding persons less than 18 years in the media. However, it is common to spot violation of this law in the media. The analysis below proves the claim (Fritz, 1992). In an article that appeared in Times of India in 2003, two children were published as being responsible for heinous crimes. Indeed, their actions were strange and needed condemnation; however, the media should have exercised some strain in reporting the crimes since the victims were minors. The article portrayed a very negative

Amistad movie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Amistad movie - Essay Example Before getting into the ship La Amistad, the Africans were first kept in Havana, Cuba slave market where buyers and sellers make a bid for the price of the slaves. This is a heart breaking scene because the people who guarded the Africans were also Africans. Their conditions were horrible and inhumane. In La Amistad, the Africans made a successful mutiny and killed every one of their captors except for two who dupe them into going to America instead of Africa. Their conditions however in that ship that transported them to Havana, Cuba and La Amistad were terrible. Probably, the security in La Amistad is a little lenient because Cinque was able to free himself from the shackles and took over the ship. But prior to that, they were treated worse than animals. It began when they first boarded the ship that abducted them from their homes in West Africa. Upon boarding, a whip greeted them and when they got restless, one of the officers of the ship took out his pistol and randomly shot the Africans and hit a woman dead. But that is not the most horrific sight of death. Before arriving in Havana, Cuba, there were undesirable slaves who were tied to a rope that has rocks as an anchor. The idea was to throw the rock-anchor at the bottom of the sea and with it are the slaves who are tied to the rope. It was a heart wrenching scene where actual human beings struggled not to go down with the rope. There was also this dramatic scene where a woman held a baby whose mother died a night before. At its backdrop were African women being molested and rape by the crew of the ship where some of the men were whipped to death. Seeing this, the woman was not able to take it anymore and fell herself off the ship together with the baby. The starvation also that the African endured was heartbreaking as they scrambled for the ration that was given to them. Their rations would

Animal Biotechnology in Developing Countries

Animal Biotechnology in Developing Countries ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: APPLICATIONS, RISKS AND ETHICS TO BE CONSIDERED ABSTRACT In majority of the developing countries, the application of biotechnology associated to livestock has to be appropriate for the animal owners who lack resources and who have small land and few animals. Livestock is becoming highly necessary for the developing countries in terms of economic growth, healthy life style and socio-economic objectives. Livestock production is collaborated with technology for viable agriculture. Livestock is an integral part of the ecosystem and is an abundant source of animal biodiversity since local breeds have genes and characteristics that are of great value. Molecular markers are used to a great extent to determine and choose certain genes having desired characteristics and to spread its use in artificial insemination, embryo transfer and various other reproductive methods. These technologies are used extensively in genetic enhancement of the livestock such as in cattle and buffaloes. Presently, biotechnology is utilized for the production of vaccines and diagnostic kits. However, in the absence of proper foundation, inappropriate manpower, inadequate funding to farmers and lacking of available resources, still there is lot gap in the field. In spite of having many advantages, there are several risk factors and ethical issues to be considered in genetically modifying animals for human consumption and animal welfare. This paper deals with the problems faced by the developing countries, applications of animal biotechnology to overcome these problems, risks involved and ethical principles to be considered. INTRODUCTION Biotechnology is considered to be necessary for the human survival and as a tool that will enhance the quality of life of the people in the world [1]. Genomics and biotechnology has a huge ability to combat diseases that mostly affect the world’s poorest population [2]. Although biotechnology is assumed to elevate the life of the person in the world and allow a more comfortable living, commercial considerations and socioeconomic goals that are believed by the society are very important [3]. Animal biotechnology â€Å"is the application of scientific and engineering principles to the processing or production of materials by animals or aquatic species to provide goods and services†. The production of livestock is expanding when compared to any other sector and by the year 2020, the livestock is supposed to become the most significant agricultural sector. The application of biotechnology in this sector will direct to a positive shift in the economic returns from livestock. 43% of the agricultural production is through the production of livestock where more than half of the agricultural yield is from the livestock of the developed countries and one third is from the developing countries. PROBLEMS FACED BY THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Advantages of biotechnology have only reached the developed countries, with billions in the poor countries largely excluded from these benefits. The practice of using the molecular biotechnologies and the novel breeding principles to the livestock animals by the developing countries is constrained by various factors. Dearth, malnutrition, inadequate hygiene and unemployment are common in the developing countries and techniques related to biotechnology have to be applied under these circumstances. Green revolution has been effective for farmers who have land but farmers who do not have land exist only on livestock and they have been condemned and remained poor. I think developing countries should be able to extend these techniques with the help of government agencies which would help improve their quality of life and living by considering the ethical, social and environmental issues into account. In developing economics, the livestock has become very necessary for the expansion of agriculture. The quest for the products from livestock is the function of income and continuous improvement in the per capita income, increasing urban population and the alterations in the lifestyle and diet are improving the growth in production of livestock. By increasing the income and employment and by depreciating the rural poverty, the production of livestock leads to socioeconomic development. The function of livestock is not only to provide food and nutrition but also acts as a supply in draught power and organic manure. Therefore livestock is necessary source of income and address the unemployment issue. This helps in reducing the poverty and scatters the income among the rural population that constitutes small landholders and a most of the livestock owners. During unfavorable environments, livestock can be reverted into cash and therefore can be used during crop failure. IMPORTANCE OF TECHNOLOGY Animal biotechnology has various uses. Transgenic animals with improved growth rates, improved lean muscle mass, greater resistance to disease have been produced ever since the early 1980s [4]. Genetic content of animals such as poultry, swine, goats and cattle have been modified so that they produce more amounts of human proteins in eggs, milk, blood and urine which helps in making of human pharmaceuticals. This therapeutics contains proteins required for humans such as enzymes, clotting factors, albumin and antibodies. Cows are genetically modified by injecting a bacterium containing growth hormone called bovine somatotropin (BST) to increase the milk production rate by 10 to 15 percent. Considerable number of genes and desired traits has been discovered in the livestock of Africa and Asia. Examples of such breeds from these continents are significant in the global level such as, buffaloes that yield milk with more amounts of fat and with greater quality of protein necessary for the production of mozzarella cheese, goats from cold countries that generate pashmina and toos- slender varieties of wool, Black Bengal goats that bear genes for high productivity, Garole sheep that bear genes for twinning and sheep’s, camels and goats that are tolerant to tropical arid environment and can sustain feed with high lignin composition. Milk, meat and eggs production and the nutritional value, prevention of diseases and healthcare has been improved for these products through the use of biotechnology. Biotechnology is a new developing tool for the growth of agricultural technologies. The greater profit of agricultural research and technology is that the poor can buy the products easily since both the average incomes and the use of these food products are improved [3]. The improvement in the production of livestock has called for an increased value of land, labor and goods and services of non-agricultural origin therefore improving the overall growth in the economy. The rural population spends nearly greater part of their additional income on food. Therefore biotechnology can be applied to livestock production which leads to a greater nutritional significance in case the technology is aimed at the poorest producers. However, â€Å"commercialization of agriculture† has depleted the nutritional security of the rural population. APPLICATIONS OF THE TECHNOLOGY There are many technologies that have been evolved to the livestock of both developing and developed countries. However, the large scale technologies that are efficiently utilized in the production of livestock in the developing countries comprises of protecting the animal genetic resources, enhancing reproduction, embryo transfer (ET), detecting and reducing diseases and increasing the nutrition value. 1. Transgenics Gene related technologies have the tendency to boost the ability for the production of livestock thereby assuring larger profits for the farmers [2]. â€Å"The global adaption of genetically modified (GM) crops, which were grown on 67.7 million hectares in 2003 compared with 2.8 million hectares in 1996, has had a greater impact on livestock feed. It is estimated that the United States of America, Argentina, Canada, Brazil and the People’s Republic of China have 63%. 21%, 6%, 4% and 4% respectively, of the global transgenic acreage and that the most frequently grown crops are GM soybean (61%), maize (23%), cotton (11%) and canola (5%)†. Although research in medical field requires the use of transgenic animals such as mice, GM animals have not yet been discharged into the farms [3]. The progress in the genetic alteration of the livestock is very slow when compared to the genetic alteration of crops for a wide range of reasons that include high costs, inappropriate gene t ransfer techniques and small reproductive rates of animals. Recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) techniques contribute to the expression of desires genes, to suppress the expression of unwanted genes, to modify certain genes to obstruct certain pathways. It was determined that approximately 30 enzymes are produced from GM bacteria, yeasts and moulds that are commercially available and most of these enzymes are utilized in the food industry. Milk produced from transgenic cattle has the ability to improve the production of some proteins or growth factors and this improved quality in the nutrient and therapeutic content in the composition of milk may have a greater impact on the development and the survival of the newborn humans and animals. This transgenic alteration in the milk will lead to a greater utilization of milk and milk products in the fields of both agriculture and medicine. By improving the composition of the proteins in milk or developing a new protein in the milk is a â€Å"value added† opportunity for transgenic agriculture. 2. Cloning Nuclear cloning is the process of creating new animals by introducing somatic nuclei into an unfertilized oocyte [5]. In other words it is the process in which one single DNA molecule can give rise to an entire organism [6]. Even though it was started in fishes to know the nuclear totipotency, it was extended for higher organisms like sheep where Dolly was the first cloned mammal. Genetically modified nuclear transfusion can play a better role in cloning with desired characteristics. Since it is a cell medicated transfer addition and deletion of the specific gene can be done depending on the gene of interest that is to be produced. Cloning can be used in preservation of indigenous breeds of global zoo pool which are adapted to a local environment. Multiplication can be done rapidly which give uniform clones. This technology can be used as a therapeutic agent for several diseases like diseases like diabetes, spinal disorders and tissue damage by using the transplanted cells to replace the damaged tissue or using stem cells to differentiate into the specific cells of interest. Cloned animals can be used as research models which give identical twins that have same pathway for their physiological activities rather than using animals with more genetic variability. It improves the quality and quantity of food products produced and also produces several disease resistant plants that reduce pollution indirectly. 3. Artificial insemination (AI) Artificial insemination (AI) is a method by which sperm from male is collected, processed and stored and then is artificially inserted into the female reproductive tract for conception. AI is one of the most essential procedures for genetically improving farm animals and is extensively used for breeding dairy. [7]. The recognition of AI method worldwide presents the development of other technologies, such as cryopreservation and sexing of sperm, estrous cycle regulation, and embryo harvesting, freezing, culture and transfer, and cloning [8]. The rate of conception in the area of AI in the developing countries is less and hence the desired efficiency on the animal development has not been accomplished. Artificial insemination has following advantages over natural breeding. The major benefit of AI is that it makes utmost use of superior sires. Earlier, very few could get the benefit of superior bulls. Naturally, a bull can be bred to 50 to 60 cows per year. In contrast, by AI, thousands of cows can be sired in one year by one bull. [9]. Exposure of sires to contagious genital infections is prevented by utilizing AI thereby preventing the spread of such infections. 4. Embryo transfer (ET) To obtain genetically superior or important animals, animal breeders are attempting to get as many offspring’s as possible. Hormonal induction of multiple ovulations, followed by non-surgical collection of embryos and embryo transfer is extensively used [10]. ET is one of the most important reproductive techniques in cattle that can elevate the genetic improvement. ET in cattle has lately acquired huge popularity with seedstock dairy and beef producers. Like artificial insemination, ET can significantly increase the number of offsprings [11]. ET improves the reproductive ability of a cow because semen from one male can be utilized for a huge number of females, and by using a technique called superovulation, superior female can be made to provide more number of ovules. Cows that are not capable of sustaining pregnancy can still contribute by providing ovules for ET. Embryos can also be frozen and preserved in an embryo bank and used whenever required [12]. 5. In vitro production of embryos In vitro production (IVP) of buffalo embryos has gained an importance because of less acceptance of AI and reduced superovulatory response in buffaloes [13]. IVP contributes a good supply of embryos for studying fundamental research on â€Å"developmental physiology, farm animal breeding, embryo sexing, sperm injection, nuclear transfer, cloning and transgenesis†. IVP leads to a favorable pregnancy and birth of the calf in buffalo. However, the rate of success if less. Therefore IVP must be enhanced in the developing countries before it can be used in the cattle as well as buffaloes. 6. Improving health through vaccines Vaccines are used for the prevention and control of animal and human diseases [14]. Through biotechnology, new and enhanced drugs have been produced that lower production expenses and increase animal welfare by combating infections caused by bacteria and parasites [15]. With the help of modern biotechnology techniques, new and improved animal vaccines have also been generated. Vaccines used to fight diseases such as foot and mouth disease, scours, brucellosis, shipping fever, feline leukemia and rabies. Test kits have been created to diagnose health of livestock and other animals. Molecular biology distinguishes the disease causing agents by sequencing the nucleotides and by determining the origin of these pathogens. These molecular diagnostic techniques are polymerase chain reaction (PCR), monoclonal antibodies and recombinant antigens. These approaches can be made better to promote their use in the developing countries. RISKS OF ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY Although implementing this technology provides many benefits, there are also certain risks involved with this technology [18]. Genetically modified animals interfere with nature and tend to affect normal wild type organisms Genetic diversity of organisms is narrowed down and existing modifies animals will be prone to diseases and threatened as a result. The safety of food containing or produced from engineered animals also raises questions in the public because of its unpredictability (toxic or allergic etc) It has huge impact on the normal farms and their employment. To start up the business, funds are essential which might be obtained from government or private enterprises which is doubtful due to lack of trust. It leads to Negative Globalization which is due to probable mistreatment of developing countries. There is also scope for mistreatment of animals causing stress and future abnormalities which will be opposed by animal welfare organizations like PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) etc. Procedures like cloning will reduce naturally occurring genetic variability. Animal biotechnology involves costly processes but the success rate is very less There might be transfer of pathogens and other disease causing organisms from the donors to recipient animals. The life expectancy of such animals even after spending both time and money is very less as they are subjected to strain to produce more and desirable products. Techniques such as embryonic cell nuclear transfer (ECNT) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) have raised apprehensions on human safety and animal health. The cloned animals tend to have a poor success rate for embryo development which is called as ‘large offspring syndrome’ [19], placental abnormalities, edema, large umbilicus or perinatal deaths. Concerns still exist on the human consumption of cloned animals. Several other moral and ethical concerns also pose risks in the use of animal biotechnology. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS OF THE TECHNOLOGY Today, ethical, social, environmental and economic issues in animal farming are essentially associated with sustainable income and food security for millions of people in the developing countries [16]. The major function of farm animals in social, cultural and economic welfare of humanity in the developing countries contrasts with the condition in developed countries. Basically, there are two areas of ethical considerations. One being the alterations in the genetic content of animals and the other being concerns on animal welfare. Animals are considered to be â€Å"voiceless victims of science† since the painful treatment given to these animals during slaughtering and transportation is contrast of the perceived sentiments and love for animals. Ethical considerations should be regarded on gene based methods such as gene product that has its application in vaccination, genes used for treatment of diseases and to detect the source of infections and making of therapeutic agents through insertion of specific genes into living tissues. Ethical and social examination on the biosafety issues such as harm in the recipient animals and humans who consume transgenic products should be considered. Although transgenic methods such as introduction of a gene to get a desired trait, modification of physiological development and functions, increased reproductive capability, disease resistant animals prove to be of great benefit to the humans, biosafety, environmental risks should not be neglected. According to Monsanto which is an agrochemical company, bovine somatotropin is a natural ‘protein supplement’ that improves the cow’s ability to produce milk [17]. However, some organizations believe that Monsanto is pushing a drug that compels cows to work harder on the factory cattle farm, and that pollutes ordinary processes. Related disapproval has been observed against attempts to genetically altering animals so that they will generate high levels of growth hormone. Animal welfare and animal rights are frequently defiled in most of the developing countries. Certain laws such as anti-cruelty law and animal protection law should be adapted by all the countries so that animals are considered to have a fundamental value and are not solely instrumental for humans. Research should still be conducted to provide a safer and cheaper way of embryo transfer and artificial insemination in the developing countries. CONCLUSIONS AND REMEDIES Progress in the development of biotechnology is being made in many countries. However, only a small proportion of it is reaching the developing countries in the fields of conservation, animal improvement, diagnosis and control of diseases. However, farmers are not benefitted from the gene based techniques. Accessing novel technologies is very expensive for the developing countries and there is less investment for animal health and production. Although many discoveries have been developed in the laboratories by the developing countries, majority of them are not modified into appropriate products. Sufficient national and international platform through international donor consortium is required to manage the cost to access the biotechnological products. In the developing countries, the money expended by the international organizations on animal biotechnology is insufficient. â€Å"The World Bank, the Food and Agriculture Organization, the Consultative Group on International Agricultura l Research, the United Nations Development Programme, The United States Agency for International Development, The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, the International Development Research Centre, the Asian Development Bank† and many such groups have to provide greater funds to the livestock sector. Contributing money in livestock has positive results in human development. I think, by identifying the health needs and making use of the benefits of these technologies, developing countries can exploit biotechnology for enhancing human health. However, the risk factors and ethical issues should be considered not only by the developing countries but also by the developed countries. More studies and research has to be conducted to minimize the risks of applying these technologies. The government agencies should provide proper finance to apply these technologies and also provide trained labor to get a maximum benefit out of it. REFERENCES http://www.csrees.usda.gov/nea/biotech/in_focus/biotechnology_if_animal.html Daar, et al (2007), Hoe can developing countries harness biotechnology to improve health? BMC Public Health, 7:346. M.L. Madan, Animal biotechnology: applications and economic implications in developing countries (2005), Rev. sci. tech. Off. Int. Epiz., 24(1), 127-139. http://www.aboutbioscience.org/pdfs/Animal_Biotechnology.pdf http://www.epidna.com/showabstract.php?pmid=11985609redirect=yesterms=define+nuclear+cloning Wells, 2005., Animal Cloning: problems and prospects, Rev. Sci. tech.int. Epiz, 24(1),251-264. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/DS089 Foote (2002), The history of artificial insemination: Selected notes and notables, journal of animal science, 80:1-10 http://www.world-agriculture.com/animalhusbandry/artificial_insemination_cattle.php Hashimoto (2009), applications of invitro maturation to assisted reproductive technology, journal of reproduction and development, 55, 1. http://www.brangusworld.com/documents/Estrus%20Sinchonization.pdf http://www.molecular-plant-biotechnology.info/in-vitro-fertilization-and-embryo-transfer-in-humans-and-livestock/advantages-of-embryo-transfer-in-cattle.htm Nandi S et al., Production of Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Embryos in virto: Premises and Promises (2002), Reprod Dom Anim 37, 65-74. Kurstak et al., Towards new vaccine and modern vaccinology: introductory remarks (1999), Elsevier- Vaccine 17, 1583-1586 file:///G:/443-003.html Kesavan (2005), et al., Ethical, Social, Environmental and Economic issues in Animal Biotechnology, Applications of gene based technologies for improving animal production and health in developing countries, 447-462. Levidow et al., (1997), How biotechnology regulation sets a risk/ethics boundary, Agriculture and human values, 14: 29-43 http://ucbrep.ucdavis.edu/PDFs/Animal%20biotech%20Food%20Expo.pdf Yang et al., (2007), Risk assessment of meat from cloned animals, Nature biotechnology, vol 25, no. 1.

Encountering Conflict

My main intention is to persuade the audience on the topic that those who cannot learn from history are doomed to repeat it and to pass year 12. The violent encounters of the past contain valuable lessons about resolving conflict. This writing is to be directed at the people reading it, which will be the general audience that doesn’t really understand the lessons of past and present conflict. Based on real world examples, and examples from the crucible. The style of writing is an expository. Conflict can bring out the best and worst qualities in individuals, and also in communities. Arthur Miller explores this in his play The Crucible. When witchcraft is declared in Salem, the reactions of the members of this strictly Puritan society differ greatly. Some see the events that take place as a chance for opportunism, a way to garner personal support, an opportunity to play out personal vengeance and also an occasion to strut one’s ability and knowledge. These characters, just as Miller intends, alienate the audience because of their self-interest and quickness to allow fear to overwhelm any genuine desire to find out the truth. The audience grieves for the suffering of the truly good characters – Rebecca Nurse, Giles Corey and Elizabeth Proctor. John Proctor, the flawed hero of the play, may have succumbed to the temptations of the flesh with Abigail Williams, but he redeems himself in the end, realizing that saving himself through lying will not resolve the conflict overwhelming his small town of Salem. He goes to his death knowing that there is ‘some shred of goodness in John Proctor’. The Salem witch trials were a series of hearings before county court trials to prosecute people accused of witchcraft in the counties of Essex, Suffolk, and Middlesex in colonial Massachusetts, between February 1692 and May 1693. The best-known trials were conducted by the Court of Oyer and Terminer in 1692 in Salem Town. Over 150 people were arrested and imprisoned, with even more accused but not formally pursued by the authorities. All twenty-six who went to trial before this court were convicted. Abigail Williams epitomizes self-interest and lack of concern for others in the play. Her manipulative scheming makes the audience wonder how much she enjoys being the Centre of attention and the wielder of such power in the court. It is difficult to feel sympathy for the loss of her parents or to consider her responses a result of fear of being found out. The fear she generates in others is so powerful. Abigail is willing to place the blame on Tituba, rather than tell the truth. She knows that John Proctor can see through her but initially holds power over him because of their adulterous relationship. Abigail is also angry at Elizabeth Proctor for dismissing her from service and has been unable to gain another position. She has much to gain by crying witchcraft. Her manipulation of Mary Warren’s fear in court is abhorrent. The audiences have seen Proctor make Mary Warren quiver in fear, but we sympathize with his reason; to save his wife. Abigail’s reasons are purely selfish. You think after dealing with all past conflict based on the â€Å"witch hunt† from the crucible it wouldn’t lead to future conflict when it came to accusations about what people are or, what they are doing, this was known as McCarthyism. During the McCarthy era, thousands of Americans were accused of being Communists or communist sympathizers and became the subject of aggressive investigations and questioning before government or private-industry panels, committees and agencies. The primary targets of such suspicions were government employees, those in the entertainment industry, educators and union activists. Suspicions were often given credence despite inconclusive or questionable evidence, and the level of threat posed by a person's real or supposed leftist associations or beliefs was often greatly exaggerated. Many people suffered loss of employment, destruction of their careers, and even imprisonment. Most of these punishments came about through trial verdicts later overturned, laws that would be declared unconstitutional, dismissals for reasons later declared illegal or actionable, or extra-legal procedures that would come into general disrepute Getting away from the crucible, conflict tests the character of a sporting a club or team, just look at Brendan Fevola the former Carlton and Brisbane Player the conflict he caused for both clubs really test the character of the football club and when it came to whether he had to be sacked or not, showed there strength as football club and how they won’t stand for such nonsense with a player of their football club. They had a player who all he did wrong at their club was get drunk on New Year’s Eve which surely he wasn’t the only the one, flashing a women which the police cleared him of anyway it seemed they were eager to this as a scapegoat to get rid of him, the whole Lara Bingle conflict which actually happened at another club and none of this could’ve possibly came into consideration but it all somehow did have an effect on the final outcome

Infants and Children Prenatal Through Middle Childhood Free Essay Example, 1750 words

According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that Dhruv, another child in the class, was a very different matter. He was uninterested in being involved in the classroom and refused to do his assignments. During table work activities, he chose to daydream, or draw pictures, instead of doing his work. His unwillingness to work made it difficult for the teacher, and for the students around him to concentrate. Dhruv, beyond showing a lack of interest in the classroom, appears uncomfortable with his surroundings. Vygotsky suggests that children learn similarly to how Piaget suggested, with an emphasis on the social interaction, and receiving tasks of increasing difficulties from their peers. Because Dhruv seems secluded from his peers and has difficulty with language, it is likely that he has not been presented with enough challenges to prepare him for the classroom situation. This lack of interest is frustrating for both himself and for his teacher, and the auth or worries about his future in academics. Eric is a different subject altogether. His behavior in the classroom is completely unacceptable. He talks loudly and interrupts others during conversations and instructions. He sleeps during class and refuses to follow classroom rules. He is mean to the other children and does not understand social conventions. It would appear that either he has not yet found a locus of control for his behavior, such as Freud suggested in psychoanalytic theory, that his ego may not yet have control over his id. Another possible suggestion for his behavior is a poor family situation, which would account for his inability to stay awake in class. The researcher is primarily concerned for this child since it is unusual for a child to have such a strong lack of focus and control at this age. Jarrett is a very sneaky young man, who uses his abilities primarily to get others into trouble while appearing innocent himself. He uses times when the teacher is not looking to cause mischief, which the other children appear to find frustrating. He seems intelligent, and his table work takes him very little time, he just does not control his impulse to cause mischief. We will write a custom essay sample on Infants and Children: Prenatal Through Middle Childhood or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now

Let Teen Agers Try Adulthood - 1273 Words

â€Å"Let Teen-Agers Try Adulthood† was written on May 17,1999 and published in The New York Times by Leon Botstein. The main topic of the article revolves around the Botstein’s belief that high school should be abolished and the various underlying social reasons that drive his viewpoint. The text has a clear bias for his viewpoint however those who disagree with abolishing high school can also find certain parts of the text to be agreeable. The author persuades his audience by using examples that are relevant to readers. Botstein’s writing does have great word choice for example he uses words like â€Å"adolescence, pubescent, and innocence† to describe the teen agers. Throughout the article, Botstein introduces key supporting points such as the†¦show more content†¦This audience is typically heads of household that would have children in schools and would generally relate to the high school experiences discussed throughout this article. As Bot stein pointed out, â€Å"Often the high school outsider becomes the more successful and admired adult.† These successful adults can see the viewpoint of the author through their own lenses and also realize that their success was not directly tied to the learning they gained in school but to the harsh realities they faced once they moved into adulthood. Although Botstein highlights the various problems faced by students in high school but to effect change he needs to gain the support of the parents, in addition to wealth. The only way to effect change in the American school system is to be driven by both the student’s parents and the individuals that can influence the school board. The social issue Botstein is addressing and trying to solve is ineffectiveness of high school and that it is â€Å"obsolete and should be abolished† (para. 1). He references the multiple instances where graduates have come forth to express that the â€Å"cliques and artificial intensity† inaccurately define the student roles. (para. 1). Botstein further details that these experiences do not translate to the â€Å"positions† individuals achieve in the real world. The high school environment amounts to an MTV reality showShow MoreRelatedGender Roles In Song Of Solomon2090 Words   |  9 PagesFreddie’s interaction and comments that day placed a label on the young child as the â€Å"milkman† that would follow him all the way through to adulthood and indeed a perception of him being a ‘boob man’ and also as Ruth being inappropriate in her traditional role as a mother. Macon used his own learned interpretation of what he considered to be a woman’s role in society to try and influence and demean his sister Pilate. Macon believed there was a standard feminine ‘dress code’ that was acceptable for one toRead More The Dangers of Teen Sleep Deprivation: Benefits of Adopting Later Start Times for High Schools3298 Words   |  14 Pagesschool start times is a country full of sleep deprived teens who, studies show, are more likely to suffer health problems and diminished academic performance. Teen sleep deprivation is a major problem infecting this country, and it continues to spread as high schools open their doors at earlier hours. If America wants to raise a generation of healthy, successful, and well educated young adults, then high schools must join the fight against teen sleep deprivation and open their doors at later, moreRead MoreHome Economics and Livelihood Education for College7320 Words   |  30 Pages(childhood, teen ye ars, adulthood, and aging), and living in a family (couple relationships, parenting, strengths, connections). All of these materials are intended to help you make choices that will make your family life more effective and satisfying. Fundamentals of a Strong Family Life * Routines and Rituals – Routines and rituals create a sense of normalcy, belonging, and comfort. * Open Communication – Letting every family member have a voice and creating the environment and trust to let everyRead MoreThe Impact of Sports on American Society Essay3785 Words   |  16 Pages3c).  Ã‚   These Everett Herald analysis are only a small portion of writers in the United States.   Not only are the sports analysis on paper they are on TV as well.   Every night there is something on the TV about sports.   All the major news stations try to get some kind of sports entertainment.   Why does this happen?   There is a simple answer; people just love to watch sports.   People want to hear about these athletes and how they played or what is going on it their lives.   If people didnt care

Evaluation Of The Elementary English Language Learners And...

Assessments are important tools that educators use for a variety of reasons. The basic use of assessments is for measuring the student’s knowledge. For English Language Learners and special education students, assessments are generally used for placement. Using the results from the evaluations, educators use their findings to place the students in the most beneficial class for them. As more ELL students enter the classroom as well as other diverse scholars, the importance of having knowledge of different assessments and teaching strategies becomes imperative and basically mandatory. When entering the kindergarten English Language Learners classroom at Sprout State School of the Arts, the head teacher was able to give inciteful information in regards to the many educational questions that were asked concerning the different facets of education in the classroom. Through a lengthy interview with the teacher, information was gained concerning indicators of exceptionality in ELL st udents, information pertaining to the use of formal and informal assessments in placement, the role of parents and teachers in placement, as well as underachievement factors that may not need special education needs, justification for changes in proficiency levels, the integration of assessment types and the benefits of the SIOP protocol for all learners. When in the kindergarten English Language Learner classroom, the educator answered many questions pertaining to English Language Learners and theShow MoreRelatedThe English Language Learner Is Defined By The Individuals With Disabilities Education Act1445 Words   |  6 Pages An English language learner is defined as someone who â€Å"has sufficient difficulty speaking, reading, writing, or understanding the English language and whose difficulties may deny such individual the opportunity to learn successfully in classrooms where the language of instruction is in English† (Ortiz, Woika, 2013, p. 2). As defined by the Indivi duals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), a child with a disability has â€Å"mental retardation, hearing impairments (including deafness), speech or languageRead MoreLegislations for English Language Learners787 Words   |  3 PagesEnglish language acquisition (Massachusetts Department of Education, 2003). 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Sweet Basil Marketing Plan Free Essays

string(43) " getting optimal exposure from the public\." In order to Increase market share and sales, Sweet Basil will target dine-in, take-out, and take-n-bake pizza lovers In the cities of Treated, Rewind, USA, and Monrovia. The strategies for increasing sales are to first penetrate new markets, then increase usage and size of customer orders. This will be conducted through unbeatable value and the finest ingredients that cannot be received anywhere else in the area. We will write a custom essay sample on Sweet Basil Marketing Plan or any similar topic only for you Order Now The marketing mix for Sweet Basil will consist of mobile marketing, flyer distribution, a website, social media outlets, television advertising and email newsletters. The objectives for many of these avenues are to provide coupons and discounts as well as gain consumer loyalty. The business does a great Job already with returning patrons so it is time to focus energy on effectively penetrating new markets. Sweet Basil will look to Increase sales by 40% or $110,400 and achieve a market share of 30% In Treated and 20% In the surrounding clues. This will ensure success and will provide a break even before the first 6 months. 2. 0 Situation Analysis Currently, the economic market condition in the united States and California is primarily recession. Overall, the pizza business is doing k. Tit flat sales of about $38 billion for the past 3 years (Kara 2011). Consumers are becoming much more particular when it comes to value and where they spend their hard earned money. Sweet Basil pizzeria is doing quite well during the recession but it is having trouble inquiring new consumers. Prices of flour, produce, and cheese are on the rise so It Is important to Increase business and revenue to cover these associated costs. These forces are uncontrollable In the macro environment along with the rising unemployment from the recession. It is important to instill value and personalized maintain/increase repeat customers. There are many successful dine-in and take- out pizza companies that fail to provide the opportunity for consumers to purchase take-n-bake pizzas. Consumers are going to ultimately purchase from the establishment that provides the best value and quality mixture. Sweet Basil offers dine-in, take-out, and take-n-bake pizzas, leaving the delivery market to competitors. With this in mind, Sweet Basil is very capable of increasing sales with the development of take-n-bake pizzas and a solid marketing strategy. 2. Market Summary Sweet Basil Pizzeria is an extremely reputable pizzeria in the city of Treated, California. Besides being well known, Sweet Basil also maintains a strong competitive advantage with its owner, James Decrease, being a hotel restaurant management graduate from Purdue University and restaurant industry veteran for well over 25 years. James has been able to carefully select his target market due to his extensive industry experience. As mentioned before, the current pizza market is motionless at around $38 billion per year, which isn’t so bad considering worldwide market conditions. Many loyal customers have been moving due to rising foreclosure rates and this hurts return business. An astonishing 93% of Americans eat pizza at least once a month and approximately 3 billion pizzas are sold every year (Hinkle 2009). This leaves plenty of room for competition and growth for Sweet Basil take-n-bake pizzas in the current market. Even though Sweet Basil’s target market demographics is tailored to consumers in the San Gabriel Valley and surrounding areas in southern California, we reserve the right to increase the area if growth is substantial. The average salary of southern California Jobs is $55,000 a year (Simply Hired 2011), which leaves plenty disposable income for the on-the-go working class individual. Many consumers in southern California lead extremely busy lifestyles, which makes it hard to cook for a family. There are currently seven pizza restaurants/parlors in Treated, California. None of these pizza establishments offer take-n-bake pizzas for sale, so the only real competition is frozen pizzas at the super market. Our consumers enjoy high quality pizza with fresh ingredients at an affordable price. This provides incredible value to the customer and a much better alternative to people having to bake store bought frozen pizzas. Sweet Basil provides its customers with an extensive value for their hard earned none. Consumers choose Sweet Basil pizza because we serve their needs through our unique ingredients and fresh homemade sauce and dough. People want more than Just a bland, regular tasting pizza and we tailor our unique blend of basil, garlic, and oregano to pizza lovers throughout the Los Angels area. Sweet Basil serves over 10 different types of specialty pizzas creating enjoyment for all types of palettes. Our pizza can be picked up with no wait and is never sold unless it has been made within 7 days to increase the quality that you’ll find in the frozen section of the super markets. Since no other pizza establishments in Treated offer take-n-bake style pizzas, we will be able to control the market for consumers that are looking for a fresh alternative. Nearly every single frozen pizza brand from Disgorging to Stouffer increased it’s sales in the 52 weeks between summer 2009-2010 (BIB International 2010). Disgorging made the most out of the entire top 10 frozen pizzas in 2010 Digestion’s sales throughout the world, it’s important to notice that they increased sales from 2009 to 2010 and that the market doesn’t show any signs of decreasing. Pizza is an American tradition that most people love to eat and Sweet Basil’s quality ND delicious ingredients create the competitive advantage. 2. 2 SOOT Analysis * Strengths: Sweet Basil’s strengths consist of a number of things currently going into the take-n-bake market. For one, Sweet Basil is the only pizzeria that currently offers take-n-bake pizzas; the competition is very minimal other than store bought frozen pizzas. Second, Sweet Basil has a stellar reputation amongst the surrounding community, catering to schools and businesses reaching new customers daily. Sweet Basil only uses the freshest ingredients and everything is homemade including the bread and delicious sauce. The pizzeria is located in a prime location, right next too Seven-Eleven, getting optimal exposure from the public. You read "Sweet Basil Marketing Plan" in category "Marketing" Weaknesses: Currently there are a couple of solid weaknesses that can cause some undesired hurdles for Sweet Basil’s take-n-bake pizzas. First off, Sweet Basil has not done any marketing yet for the new take-n-bake concept and all of the marketing in the past has been through word of mouth solely. Another weakness is that consumers are already familiar with the competition and that could make it very difficult to market to consumers that haven’t tried Sweet Basil pizza before. Finally, Sweet Basil pizzeria doesn’t have any distribution outlets other than the restaurant located in the city of Treated and delivery is not offered. These issues certainly need to be addressed and solved so that they don’t affect Sweet Basil pizzeria negatively. * Opportunities: While pizza continues to be popular in America, it is evolving. Fierce discounting and coupling by top players has squeezed other pizza Sellers (Kara 2011). This leaves a great opportunity for Sweet Basil to offer coupons and discounts through a variety of medias and advertising. Another opportunity is that the market appears to be very teddy for take-n-bake/frozen pizza purchases. This can certainly provide Sweet Basil with a chance to reap some of the market share with its high quality, affordable pizzas. Second, Sweet Basil’s take-n-bake pizzas don’t use up any additional resources or time than their freshly made take-out or dine-in pizzas, making start up costs insignificant. One possibility in the future could be to contract with grocery store chains to offer frozen pizzas more conveniently to consumers. Sweet Basil can increase revenue by attracting customers that don’t live close to the pizzeria or prefer o make pizzas at their own home. * Threats: Potential threats for Sweet Basil include possible competition from neighboring pizzerias in the area should they decide to start a take-n-bake operation. Another possible threat could be an increase in direct and indirect costs such as electricity for freezing the take-n-bake pizzas. An increase in gas prices could also be a possible threat for sales of pizza because consumers may not be willing to drive to the pizzeria. An increase in labor costs due to the slightly complex routine behind making take-n-bake pizzas ready for customers. 2. Competition As briefly stated earlier, there are currently 5 other pizza restaurants in Treated and we compete for pizza loving customers on a regular basis. These competitors great sum of customers that can be earned with the proper marketing campaign. The seven places to get pizza in Treated are Pizza Hut, Domino’s, Hungry Hosier’s Pizza, Treated Pizza Co. , Little Caesar, Flying Pizza, and Cost (which is Sweet Basil’s only real take-n-bake competition other than grocery store brands). People can purchase freshly made pizza to order at all of these establishments, but these competitors eave not developed a take-n-bake concept yet. This leaves the market wide open for Sweet Basil to compete with better-known chains such as Cost and grocery store brands. The seven pizza establishments in Treated do not pose as much threat to Sweet Basil’s Take-n-Bake pizzas as the store bought brands and Cost pizza. When considering true competition it is important to observe the characteristics of the take- n-bake pizza that Sweet Basil will offer. The pizzas are going to be 16†³ in length, which is fairly large for take-n-bake pizza. This means that single-serve frozen pizza sonnets really pose a significant threat because we are marketing to larger parties and families who are constantly on the go. Sweet Basil’s large 14†³ pizzas will come with a variety of toppings. With this in mind the only store bought competitors that are offered at nearly all super markets are Disgorging, Tombstone, Red Baron, California Pizza Kitchen, Freshest, and Tony’s (BIB International 2011) in order of popularity/sales. The other main competitor that Sweet Basil has to beware of that is gaining popularity is Cost’s take-n-bake frozen pizzas because they offer more rationalized service and quality than the other brands. Cost pizzas are also larger in size (16†³) and cost a little more than the other brands (Cost 2011). 2. Product Offering The new product offering of Sweet Basil Pizzeria is very concise and direct. The take-n-bake pizzas will only be offered in the 14†³ size and will consist of only five different varieties such as pepperoni pizza, cheese pizza, vegetarian pizza, Sweet Basil Favorite (all combo toppings), and BBC pizza. All of these pizzas are made with the finest local produce from Mike’s Foods and ingredients provided f rom JACM DOD service distribution. Sweet Basil Pizza will be extremely fresh, having been made within a week from the date of purchase. Customers can feel assured they are getting a high-quality pizza with greater freshness than any other brand currently in the target market. Valued consumers will also be able to call in orders if they require special toppings or especially large orders. Consumers will also be able to purchase packets of our most popular ingredient â€Å"Sweet Basil†, which is a combination of secret spices containing garlic and basil. This mixture is absolutely delicious and makes any pizza caste even better than it normally would. 2. Keys to Success The major factors that will make Sweet Basil a huge success among the competition in the Los Angels area is our stellar personalized service, finest ingredients, competitive price, and homemade sauce/dough recipe. Personalized service and quality/recipes are the main advantages that Sweet Basil Pizzeria is aiming to use as their competitive advantage. Sweet Basil already has a considerable customer dimension from its fourteen years of success and this must keeping up to date with ingredient costs, researching local stores and purveyors to ampere value/price mixtures. According to the National Restaurant Association, the top trend right now is locally grown produce (Stevenson 2010). Sweet Basil only purchases the finest, locally grown produce from Mike’s Foods in Treated. The new take-n-bake product that sweet basil offers is no more expensive than providing it’s everyday to-go pizzas to valued customers. This makes the overall product cost extremely low and creates a major factor in the success of this new idea for Sweet Basil Pizza. The pizza and restaurant business is a difficult industry to tackle; product/industry knowledge is a necessity to succeed. Sweet Basil is always staying familiar and up to date with current practices in order to remain competitive. This factor is something that Sweet Basil will surely continue to practice and exploit. Continued customer satisfaction is a concept that Sweet Basil will continue to present to its valued patrons. 2. 6. Critical Issues As a pre-established company, Sweet Basil maintains an exceptional product, gaining return customers and recognition daily. The major critical issues for Sweet Basil is to: * Gain market exposure- Sweet Basil doesn’t currently spend any money on marketing to Treated or its surrounding cities. Word of mouth from satisfied customers is a great type of free marketing but it doesn’t increase quickly enough. Sweet Basil will now be able to offer a product to customers that live further away; therefore, it should target more customers using different avenues of marketing. Train additional staff- training is a 2-3 month period depending on the speed of the employee and this could slow the business down if not forecasted properly. Since Sweet Basil doesn’t deliver, it is currently run with no more than 2 employees at a time. If customers and sales increase significantly, sustainability will rely on the ark force. New hiring measure may be needed. * Monitoring quality assurance and customer service- the pizzeria must maintain a reputable amount of quality and service in order to ensure that the growth strategy doesn’t Jeopardize the current benchmark. Quality will be monitored by gaining feedback from customers and allowing them to offer suggestions through questionnaires. * Expansion- expanding through the creation of additional parlors in Dearth’s surrounding cities may be a necessity if it proves both profitable and sustainable. This is more off long-term critical issue but must be recognized nonetheless. . 0 Marketing Strategy The primary target for Sweet Basil’s marketing strategy will be towards households and businesses in the cities of Treated, Monrovia, USA, and Rewind. Americans love pizza and it is clear that everyone in these cities should be marketed because of pizza’s popularity and sustained growth throughout past years. For now, Sweet Basil only offers take-out, dine-in, and take-n-bake services to its patrons, which leaves delivery open to competition. Sweet Basil realizes that they can serve 65-70% of Pizza Power Report). Undoubtedly there is a substantial amount of market share that an be earned with the proper market-challenger attack strategies. Sweet Basil anticipates being able to sell more pizza to current customers, sell to market segments that have not previously been targeted, and gain a higher market penetration. Word of mouth advertising has been Sweet Basil’s sole source of advertising for the past fourteen years and now the time has come to try a new initiative to increase growth and profits. Although word of mouth advertising is extremely effective and well trusted from consumers, Sweet Basil finds that most loyal clients did not hear about the pizzeria until the first couple years of residing in Treated. With this in mind, the pizzeria will kick off some new marketing strategies to increase its overall exposure to the businesses and households in its target market. Sweet Basil will look to gain new customers through new-market segment strategies. More consumers need to be aware of Sweet Basil’s unparalleled service and great tasting pizza; word of mouth advertising will not penetrate as many consumers as supplementary advertising. Sweet Basil also looks to engage in encirclement attacks throughout the before-mentioned cities in order to gain exposure into some of the competition’s territory. Finally, Joint partnership advertising will be conducted to decrease overall advertising costs. Paper flyers will be attached to every take-out box, promoting take-n-bake pizza to current patrons, which well result in increased usage. Flyers that include coupons will be served to residential and commercial properties in order to increase new customers. This will help Sweet Basil primarily increase sales over time but will also help in gaining exposure to the target market. A recent study shows that 46% of pizza consumers report that coupons or promotions influence where they decide to purchase their pizza (Barrett, 2010 Pizza Power Report). If these statistics prove to be true, Sweet Basil will surely be able to earn new business amongst the community. Sweet Basil will also exploit other forms of integrated marketing communications through website development, mass SMS marketing to loyal patrons, and usage of social media platforms. The website will allow consumers to view the menu and leave comments, questions, and concerns, which will be viewable for everyone to see. Catering is a huge source of Sweet Basil’s success and consumers will be able to navigate through catering options and information. People will also be able to add themselves onto the weekly email that will be sent out to include coupons and special promotions. This will help Sweet Basil in obtaining more market exposure to current and new clientele. â€Å"With so many people now using the Internet to search for products and services it is now acknowledged that having a business website is Just about as essential as having a telephone† (Touched, 2001). Sweet Basil will also utilize mass text message marketing in order to promote specials and promos that are offered each week. This will be initiated using Decontrolling. Mom to ensure that these messages can be sent every other week to market different promos and special items to consumers. Each customer will be asked if they would like to receive promotion emails and text messages from Sweet Basil. The success rate for permission based mobile marketing campaigns is around 25% Oarfish, 2006). This will ensure seamless impersonal communication to Sweet Basil’s loyal patrons. Lastly, Sweet Basil’s marketing include the development of a Faceable, Namespace, and Twitter account so loyal patrons can feel more united with Sweet Basil’s service and undeniable quality food. The Namespace and Faceable pages will allow customers to view the menu and catering options that Sweet Basil offers. This type of marketing is virtually free although it is time consuming to continuously update. Sweet Basil will also utilize cable television marketing in order to market to new customers. Advertising will only be targeted to Time Warner Cable’s Foothills and West Covina coverage areas in the San Gabriel Valley (Coverage Area 2011). Mostly sports programs on ESP. and popular shows on Bravo will be targeted to enhance Sweet Basil’s exposure to their target market. This will be exercised during the first 90 days of marketing plan. All of these integrated marketing communications will allow Sweet Basil to reach a large market of new consumers as well as continue to gain increased business with existing patrons. These marketing strategies were also selected due to their low cost and minimal time consumption required. 3. 1 Mission Statement â€Å"We exist to provide the best quality dine-in, take-out, and take-n-bake pizza to the Route 66 communities of the San Gabriel Valley. This will be accomplished through unmatched customer service, value, and great tasting pizza; creating a memorable experience for all to enjoy’. 3. Marketing Objectives Sweet Basil will achieve a few concrete objectives through its current and future marketing actions. The first and most crucial goal for the pizzeria is to conduct new- market segment strategies in order to earn new customers throughout Treated, Monrovia, USA, and Rewind. This strategy will be initiated immediately at the start of Quarter 2 this year now that Sweet B asil’s take-n-bake pizzas are now in production. The target market objective is to increase overall market share, earn new customers, and amplify purchases to increase sales by 40% from now through April 2012. Collectively, Sweet Basil seeks to increase overall market share to 25% of all dine-in, take-out, and take-n-bake purchases in Treated and 13% of market share from Monrovia, Rewind, and USA. This also includes 15% market share transactions from employees of local businesses in Treated and Rewind as well as 25% market share to households in Treated, Rewind, Monrovia, and USA. In order to accomplish these goals, Sweet Basil will have to gain at least 30 new customers every week on average and the goal is to be able to retain 90% of them. This strategy ill allow the pizzeria to maintain strong, positive growth each quarter through it’s increasing customers. Another objective is increasing consumer usage to where customers are purchasing Sweet Basil products at least one more time per week. This will include increasing the purchase volume of each consumer as well. New consumers will be able to be measured by asking them how they heard about Sweet Basil to begin with and afterwards asking them if they would like to receive coupons and promotions by email and text in the future. Sweet Basil’s target is to achieve the before mentioned market share by the end of 2012. Sweet Basil will also set promotional objectives in order to reach new customers through brand and company awareness as well as implementing strategic sales promotions. Millennial will information through word of mouth (Mr.. Youth, 2011). A major objective will be to grow the pizzeria’s followers on Faceable and Namespace to 750 people by the end of 2011 to engage in more promotional initiatives. Seasonal and promotional entrees will be posted on these social media sites every other week to maintain consumer usage. The address, phone number, menu, and catering options will all be included n these sites as well. Sweet Basil will be hiring an individual to hand out door flyers to residential households and businesses in the cities of Treated, USA, Rewind, and Monrovia (starting in the city of Treated). This marketing effort will be conducted every Wednesday and Thursday from am to pm for the residential areas and every Monday for local businesses. Similar flyers will be on every take-out pizza box as well to notify customers of the option to purchase take-n-bake pizzas. No additional employees would have to be hired for the business as long as business doesn’t increase more than 50%. The flyers will include specials and combos that can be purchased in exchange for the coupon on the flyer. Each flyer will have a coupon to receive 1 free slice with a purchase of any take-n-bake pizza. The flyers will also contain a coupon to purchase a take-n-bake pizza for 25% off. Additional specials will be included on the flyer and sponsors will be able to advertise on the other half of the flyer. The sponsors will incur all costs for the production of the flyers and will also include Sweet Basil’s website, Faceable, Namespace, and Twitter information for nonusers.. These flyers will be very similar to the email and text messaging blasts that Sweet Basil will be conducting every other month. Sweet Basil will look to enhance partnership efforts with local businesses, schools, cities, and clubs in order to increase exposure and maintain growth. Catering services and pizza specials will be offered for discount prices depending on the size and occasion of the order. Sweet Basil looks to increase its catering by 5% to businesses and residential areas. This will also help Sweet Basil gain more exposure and market share from satisfied customers. 3. Financial Objectives Sweet Basil will be targeting a number of sound financial objectives in order to increase profits and sustainability. As stated in the marketing objectives, increasing sales by 40% during the first 365 days is the target for Sweet Basil. Overall, Sweet Basil aspires to collectively reach 30% market share for Dearth’s dine-in, take out, and take n bake pizza sales by the end of 2012. The goal for Rewind, USA, and Monrovia will be 20% overall market share. Currently, Sweet Basil obtains 30% of it’s business from take out orders, 50% from dine in business, and 20% from catering. With the current market conditions, Sweet Basil’s overall gross income amounts to $23,000 on average per month. The gross income should amount to at least $32,200 per month on average by April 2012 in order to realize a successful marketing plan. This would amount to an extra $110,400 in gross income a year, which would only be substantial if costs remained low. Sweet Basil doesn’t require hiring an extra employee for the additional expected business so long as it doesn’t exceed a 50% sales increase. Social media sites such as Faceable, Namespace, and Twitter are free which makes it a valuable marketing source financially. Sweet Basil will be using decontrolling. Com to send out SMS blasts including specials and deals for and allows for 5,000 customers to be included. The annual cost for this service then amounts to $960/year while emails are virtually free to send to loyal subscribed customers. Sweet Basil’s website will be created for $1000 through a current part- time employee that is also going to school for web design. This will be built during slow business hours at the restaurant to decrease hourly costs for the web development. The web domain will cost around $100 dollars a year to maintain. One f the expensive strategies for Sweet Basil Pizza is the cost of hiring on an employee to work Monday, Wednesday, and Thursday for 24 hours a week handing out flyers. The employee will be paid $8/her, so the annual cost will come out to about $12,000 if gas costs are associated. The flyers will be free to Sweet Basil because the sponsors will incur that cost. The most expensive marketing source will be advertising on Time Warner Cable during the first 90 days of marketing plan initiation. As mentioned earlier, only ESP. and Bravo will be targeted and we will run 4 commercials per day on both networks. With a cost of $40 per spot, Sweet Basil will incur a total cost of $28,800 Just in television advertising costs. An increase in sales will not result in a significant increase in utilities since the restaurant hours will remain the same and because the pizza oven is always left on. The cost of running the oven 2417 isn’t much different from the cost of turning it off at night and the oven takes an hour to warm up to 600 degrees when opening in the morning. After all the costs are subtracted, Sweet Basil can make a return of $67,540 but the increase of ingredients, labor, and materials have not been subtracted from this mount. All of the before mentioned other than pizza ingredients and material will remain the same regardless off 40% increase in sales. 3. 4 Target Markets As stated earlier, Sweet Basil’s target market will consist of all pizza lovers in the Route 66 cities of the San Gabriel Valley. In recent studies, 93% of Americans eat pizza at least 1 time a month, (Pizza Plan, 2011) which means there is a sizeable target market for Sweet Basil to penetrate. There are 21,782 residents in Treated, 46,672 in USA, 37,523 in Monrovia, and 1,433 in Rewind, which brings a total consumer market of close to 110,000 people (city-data, 2009). Rewind consists of businesses for the most part, which gives Sweet Basil an opportunity to increase dine-in sales to workers during the day and catering services for luncheons and special events. Consumers report that 45% of restaurant pizza orders are for take- out and 20% of orders are for dine in (Barrett, 2010). The general strategy for Sweet Basil will be â€Å"differentiation† as described in Porter’s generic strategies (Marketing Management, 2009). Sweet Basil offers an incomparable product compared to the rest because they use the best and highest quality ingredients while having the nines recipes. The key source of this distinction is the â€Å"sweet basil powder† that patrons can top on their pizza after it is made. Take-n-bake pizza is not offered in any other restaurants in the area other than Sweet Basil, which gives them an advantage for consumers that want a more unique taste. Consumers have a need for great tasting quality pizza that can be purchased right when they want it with little wait time and low cost. Sweet Basil certainly meets this need with the before mentioned points of difference and being able to dine-in and take-out as well. ND be out quicker than if they purchased fast food. Many consumers like driving by on their way home from work to get a late night special $6 one topping pizza that is hot and ready between 6-pm to feed their family after a busy workday. Others choose to stock up on take-n-bake frozen pizzas to serve at their convenience. Catering services are offered to businesses and patrons that have the need to feed a large event or party and a much more extensive menu is offered in order to add variety. Sweet Basil patrons range from all ages and nationalities, which is the advantage of offering a product that 93% of people engage in at least once a month. Pizza is also a relatively inexpensive way to feed a family and large parties of people in residential areas. This makes pizza ideal for people that are currently affected by the downfall of the economy and increases in unemployment. High school kids and local workers are a major part of the afternoon dine-in business that Sweet Basil receives during the week. Nearly 95% of Sweet Basil’s business comes from returning customers, which proves that there is room for new customers. This also roves that the product tastes great and has an eminent price-quality comparison. . 5 Positioning Nearly all Americans enjoy eating pizza because it is a delicious and quick meal, which gives Sweet Basil an advantage over selling other products. In a recent survey initiated by Technetium, results show that 68% of those that have children 18 and under living in their household say that pizza occasions usually involve children (Barrett, 2010). This shows that pizza is a very popular amongst famil ies but Sweet Basil does well with single person households and local workers since pizza is sold by he slice until pm. This also helps in closing the gap for Sweet Basil’s consumers and leaves only those that prefer ordering their pizza and having it delivered. Sweet Basil is not trying to offer delivery service any time soon, but many patrons prefer Just coming in to take-out their pizza rather than ordering delivered pizza from a competitor. This is exactly how Sweet Basil positions itself to consumers; the prices are low and affordable, the quality of food and flavor is unrivaled, and the experience is optimal. As mentioned earlier, â€Å"Sweet Basil† powder adds for a uniqueness that ant be tasted anywhere else which positions the business very well. All pizzas are created from scratch, using a large mixer for dough and fresh store bought produce, meats, and ingredients from local purveyors. Pricing strategies are used as well to effectively position Sweet Basil’s food offerings. Sweet Basil sells pizza by the slice for only $1 where other companies may charge up to $3/slice. Sweet Basil also sells its large one topping take-out, dine-in, and take-n-bake pizzas for $8, which is a phenomenal value considering all of the top grade ingredients used. This creates a rice-quality comparison that isn’t reciprocated from any competitors in the target market. Sweet Basil is able to position itself to a completely new market with the recent creation of its take-n-bake pizza. Minute reports that frozen pizza can be found in 66% of all households (Barrett, 2010), which gives Sweet Basil a nice competitive advantage over other pizza businesses in the San Gabriel Valley. Sweet Basil notices possible opportunities if they were to contract and create partnerships with local grocery stores and markets. Another possible opportunity in the future would be to How to cite Sweet Basil Marketing Plan, Essays